Sketch book- P of D

Part 1: Definition

Balance. A principle of design. A feeling of balance results when the elements of design are arranged to create the impression of equality in weight or importance.

Part 2: Examples

In The Last Supper, by Leonardo da Vinci (1498, Italy) the artist has used the principle of balance by creating a symmetrical composition. The background architecture of the painting is symmetrical with the figures placed symmetrically within it. This is known as "formal" or "symmetrical" balance. The artist's use of balance has created a stable, confident feeling.

In Absinthe, by Edgar Degas (1876, France) the artist achieves "informal" or "asymmetrical" balance. The painting is divided in half by a diagonal line. Elements placed in the top right area of the painting are balanced with Elements placed in the bottom left area of the painting. Although the painting is balanced, the feeling created is not as stable and confident as the feeling created in the example above.

Part 3: Using the Principles of Design

Click here for a student information sheet that you can print and photocopy.

Creative work: Students should use photocopies of small drawings or photographs of objects together with mixed media to create two collages. They should cut out the images so that they can be arranged on a background. In one, students should create formal or symmetrical balance. In the other collage students should create informal or asymmetrical balance. As students arrange the cut out objects they should notice the negative space (background areas) around the combined objects in their compositions.

Critical thinking: Students should comment on the difference in mood between the two compositions. Usually symmetrical balance with horizontal lines suggest calm, stable moods. Often asymmetrical balance with diagonal lines are often more dynamic and less stable feeling.

Extensions: The art exercises included in this section are very structured in order to facilitate learning; students are given the opportunity to explore and practice a new concept. Art extensions should be less structured to allow for higher creativity. Encourage students to consider and discuss the principle of balance in new art projects of their choice.